ABSTRACT
Relevance. The effectiveness of vaccination of the working population against COVID-19 in the Russian background has not been studied enough. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination of the working population with Gam-COVID-Vak (Sputnik V) in the Russian Railways as an example. Materials & Methods.The effectiveness of vaccination with Sputnik V among employees of Russian Railways in the period from January 21 to November 31, 2021 was performed with the Cox regression method. Results. The effectiveness of Sputnik V against COVID-19 infection with was 97.8% (95% CI 97.8–97.9%) for two doses, 91.9% (95% CI 91.6–92.2%) for a single dose, and 97.9% (95% CI 97.6–98.1%) for revaccination, all after socio-demographic factors adjusted. The effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 with hospitalization was 97.5% for two doses of Sputnik V (95% CI 97.1–97.9%), 86.1% (95% CI 83.7–88.1%) for a single dose, and 98.2% (95% CI 96.3–99.2%) for revaccination. The effectiveness against lethal COVID-19 was 95.2% (95% CI 93.1–96.6%) for two doses of Sputnik V and 94.8% (95% CI 89–97.6%) for one dose. The high efficiency of vaccination could be associated with a fairly young age composition of the employees of the Russian Railways. Conclusions. The study showed the high effectiveness of vaccination with Sputnik V against COVID-19 among the working population. © 2022, Numikom. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to identify promising measures to reduce mortality in Russia. Methods used included analysis of systematic reviews from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results. Promising measures for reducing mortality in Russia include promoting healthy behaviour (tobacco control, alcohol control, support for healthy diet, physical activity) and preventing death due to external causes. It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of disease management, including arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular accidents, hepatitis C, HIV. This could require intensifying digital transformation of health care, implementing modern teamwork approaches to the patient’s treatment and follow-up with greater involvement of nurses and other personnel. In terms of screening, it is essential to expand coverage and introduce modern, effective screening methods for colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and neonatal screening. It is necessary to expand vaccination against COVID-19, vaccination of the elderly from Pneumococcus, and teenagers from HPV. Prevention of mortality from external causes should include sets of measures targeted at the prevention of suicides, traffic accidents, fires, drownings, etc., in addition to alcohol control measures. Finally, increasing health care financing, including medication provision, can bring additional years of life. Conclusions. Russia has significant potential to implement new measures to reduce the mortality. © AUTHORS, 2021.